Colorectal Cancer
Overview
This condition is the formation of cancerous growths in the colon (called colon cancer) and in the rectum (called rectal cancer).
Causes
The exact cause of colorectal cancer is not known. In most cases, these cancers begin in clumps of tissue called polyp. Polyps grow from the intestinal walls. Over time, cells in the polyps can mutate and become cancerous.
Risk Factors
-
Increased age
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Personal or family history
- Lack of exercise
- High fat/low fiber diet
- Smoking/alcohol use
Symptoms may include:
-
Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Blood in the stool
- Lower abdominal pain
- Unexplained weight loss
- Some may have no symptoms
Screening and Diagnosis
Colorectal cancer can be detected with regular screening. A physician can discuss screening options. Colorectal cancer is often diagnosed with a colonoscopy. During this procedure, a doctor uses a small camera to inspect the walls of the rectum and the colon.
Treatment
Small cancers contained within a polyp may be removed during colonoscopy. Larger cancers will need to be removed surgically. The type and extent of the surgery will depend on the extent of the cancer. For more advanced cancers, part of the colon may need to be removed. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy may also be needed after surgery.